NUTRISI DAN GIZI BURUK 

 

                                                                  ABSTRACT 

 

Malnutrition, withs 2 constituents of protein–energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, cont

inuesto be a major health burden in developing countries. It is globally the most important risk factor for

illness and death, with hundreds of millions of pregnant womenand young children particularly affected. In Indonesia, ProteinEnergy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies are still one of the most important and urgen health

problems in the community, in which the underfive children are among the most vulnerable. Apart from marasmus

and kwashiorkor (the 2 forms of protein– energy malnutrition), deficiencies in iron, iodine, vitamin A and zinc arethe main manifestations of malnutrition in developing countries. In these communities, a high prevalence of poor

diet and infectious disease regularly unites into avicious circle. The high prevalence of bacterial

and parasiticdiseases in developing countries contributes greatly to Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies there. Similarly, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies increases one’ssusceptibility to and severity of infections, and is thus a major component of illness and death from

disease. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies is consequently the most important risk factor for the burden of disease in developing countries. Although nutrition treatment protocols for severe malnutrition have in

recent years become more efficient, most patients (especially in rural areas) have little or no access to formal health

services and are never seen in such settings. Interventions to prevent protein– energy malnutrition range from promoting breast-feeding to food supplementation schemes, whereas micronutrient deficiencies would best be addressed through food-based strategies such as dietary diversification through home gardens and small livestock.

 

Keywords: nutrition, protein energy malnutrition), micronutrient deficiencies